The Critically Endangered Christmas Island flying-fox is an important focus for conservation on Christmas Island, as it is the last surviving endemic mammal species and probably plays an important ecological role. It is believed to have suffered periods of decline in recent decades, but the drivers of the decline are not clearly understood. This project will consider a wide range of threats to the species, including disease, mining and habitat loss, and invasive species. It will use decision analysis to prioritise future management and monitoring with the aim of preventing the extinction of the species. The work will build on an initial risk assessment from 2012 and draw together evidence from a number of separate research projects on the flying-fox’s ecology, population dynamics, disease and physiology.