Climate change is causing rapid contraction and fragmentation of montane habitats. Under current climate change projections, many species native to montane habitats face potential extinction, including several species of frogs. As existing habitat becomes increasingly unsuitable, new areas of suitable habitat may emerge elsewhere. Where these areas are too far away or disconnected for natural colonisation to occur, assisted colonisation may be a tool to avert extinction, if populations can be successfully established at the new sites.